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| Nativity scene showing Jesus, Mary, and Joseph in separate cages. This was displayed by a church in 2019 to protest the US policy of jailing immigrants and separating families. Image source. |
Hi readers, anyone remember when I was doing a blog series on the gospel of Matthew? Which I started in 2012? And I haven't updated since 2022? Yeah believe it or not, I still want to keep doing this blog series, so here we are. Matthew 25:31-46, the parable of the sheep and the goats. This is one of my FAVORITE bible passages.
Seriously, love the parable of the sheep and the goats. Go read the whole thing.
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The big point: We should help people
The point of this parable- and the point of Christianity, in my opinion- is that we should help people. You see people in need- you should help them. That's it.
When you help people, you are helping Jesus. When you ignore people in need, you are ignoring Jesus. I believe that very literally.
This is the whole point. This is what we should learn from this passage. I mean, it doesn't matter if you know anything else about the bible or religion or whatever- you just need to help people.
The "sheep" were confused when Jesus told them they had helped him- they said "Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink?" See, they had no idea about the connection between Jesus and helping people. They didn't have all the correct religious beliefs locked down. But that doesn't matter. Jesus doesn't care.
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Heaven and hell
In this story, Jesus tells us that the criteria for who goes to heaven and who goes to hell is simply this: Did you help people who were in need?
That's it. That's the criteria, according to this bible passage.
Of course, evangelicals don't believe that. Evangelicals believe that whether you go to heaven or hell is about being "saved"- ie, did you believe the correct set of religious doctrines, and have an attitude of genuine repentance for your sins, and ask Jesus to come and rule your life? Only Christians go to heaven- but actually, a lot of Christians don't even make the cut.
In evangelical ideology, getting into heaven is very much NOT about what you do. No, that would be works-based salvation, and we are the proud descendants of Martin Luther, who told those Catholics what was what. Works-based salvation, oh the horror. People think they earn their way to heaven by doing good things- as if you, a person, have the ability to earn your way to heaven, come on, stop being so full of yourself, you can do nothing, it's the grace of God that does everything, and we just have to believe, that's it. Watch out for those so-called Christians who want to tell you that getting into heaven is in any way related to what you do rather than what you believe. That's works-based!!!!!
Yeah, that's one of the very key tenets of evangelicalism. Saved through faith alone. If anyone dares to suggest that there's any connection between salvation and doing good things, we eye them extremely suspiciously.
Okay but here in Matthew 25, Jesus is literally saying you get into heaven based on whether you help people.
What did I think about this passage back when I was evangelical? Well, this was one of the "unclear passages." You know, in the bible there are "clear" passages and "unclear" passages- the bible is [supposedly] totally consistent, no contradictions, no errors, but some parts are kinda confusing, right? We have to "use the clear passages to interpret the unclear passages." So, for example, we know that we are saved through faith alone and not works- we got that from the "clear" passages of the bible- and then we come to the parable of the sheep and the goats, which seems to maybe suggest that people are saved based on whether they help others? What? That can't be right. Thus this is an "unclear" passage, and needs to be interpreted in light of what we know from the "clear" passages.
So when I was an evangelical, I understood the parable of the sheep and the goats like this: We are saved through faith alone, obviously. The criteria for getting into heaven is whether you're the correct type of Christian. When Jesus is talking about separating the sheep from the goats, he must be taking the pool of people who claim to be Christians, and separating them into the ones that are real Christians and the ones that aren't. If you're a real Christian, you'll have the right attitude in your heart, and so when you meet people in need, you'll help them- but that's a downstream consequence of being the correct type of Christian.
Back when I was evangelical, if you had suggested to me that this parable is saying that people of all religions can get to heaven if they feed the hungry, no way I would have believed you. No way it says that. People who were the wrong religions must have been already screened out, before Jesus comes and separates the sheep from the goats, right?
(Yeah so my point is, if evangelicals tell you they just simply believe the bible- they don't. Particularly the ones who take strong political stands against feeding the hungry, making sure everyone has health care, welcoming immigrants, etc.)
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Prison?
Interesting that one of the good deeds Jesus lists is "I was in prison and you came to visit me." We don't typically think of prisoners as people in need, whom we should help. I wonder what was going on in their society when Jesus said this- did a lot of people get imprisoned unjustly? In the US, mass incarceration is a big problem- we should help people whose lives are affected by this. (Ah, I thought I was gonna write about the sheep and the goats without getting political, but it turns out I can't.)
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Am I doing enough?
Sometimes I worry that Jesus is gonna think I'm not doing enough. I give money to charities which are helping people, but I could give more. Is Jesus going to judge me for that?
But I don't think we should get caught up in those kinds of worries. Feels kinda self-centered. The point is that I should help people, not that I should calculate what level of helping people is required so I meet the criteria of being a good enough person. Kinda like when white people are more worried about being called a racist, than about the actual effect of racism on black people's lives.
Maybe Jesus' point wasn't "here's what you need to do so that you can go to heaven." Maybe the "heaven vs hell" part of the story isn't literally true, but just a storytelling device. And the actual point is, we should help people.
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Conclusion
I love the parable of the sheep and the goats. It's great. It says the most important thing is to help people- and by doing so, we are helping Jesus. It says that Jesus doesn't care what religion you are, only about whether you help people. It portrays heaven and hell's entrance criteria completely opposite to what evangelicals say it is. And it's political.
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This post is part of a series on the gospel of Matthew.
Previous post: The Parable of the Talents: Risk and Return in Building the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 25:14-30)
Click here to go to the beginning of the series.